The United States, officially the United States of America (USA), is a country primarily located in North America. It is the third-largest country by total area and population, with over 331 million people, making it the third-most populous country in the world. The U.S. is bordered by Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It also shares maritime borders with The Bahamas, Cuba, and Russia. The U.S. consists of 50 states, a federal district (Washington, D.C.), five major unincorporated territories, 326 Indian reservations, and various minor possessions.
The history of the United States dates back to the indigenous peoples who lived on the continent for thousands of years before European exploration and colonization. In the early 17th century, British settlers established the first permanent colonies along the Atlantic coast, and over time, 13 colonies were formed. These colonies declared their independence from Great Britain in 1776, a decision that sparked the American Revolutionary War. The U.S. Constitution was adopted in 1787, establishing the framework for the federal government. The nation expanded westward in the 19th century, absorbing territories through treaties, purchases, and the displacement of Native American nations.
Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, the United States became a global political, economic, and cultural powerhouse. It played a significant role in both World Wars, the Cold War, and the fight for civil rights. The U.S. emerged as a superpower, with its economy driving global trade, technological innovation, and military strength. The country has been a beacon for immigrants seeking freedom and opportunity, contributing to a rich diversity of cultures, religions, and traditions.
The U.S. is known for its democratic principles, such as individual freedoms, the rule of law, and representative government. Its economy is the largest in the world, with industries ranging from technology and entertainment to finance and manufacturing. The United States is a leader in scientific research, innovation, and space exploration, while also facing challenges such as political division, social inequality, and environmental sustainability. Its cultural influence extends globally through its music, film, fashion, and other media. The United States continues to shape world events and maintain a prominent role in international relations.